Ocean Outfalls
Effluent outfalls play considerable roles for wastewater management and disposal, especially for densely populated coastal regions. Wastewater treatment is often seen as the only way to cope with water quality problems, although effective outfalls combined with lesser treatment levels may substantially reduce costs while still reaching the same environmental objectives than higher treatment levels alone. Thus, the number of long ocean outfall installations worldwide is rapidly increasing. These efficient mixing devices efficiently reduce pollutant concentrations and ecosystem effects by dispersing the effluents via long submarine pipelines with multiport diffusers.
We invite Papers related to “Mixing and Transport Processes” due to discharges of wastewater, cooling water, desalination brine, or industrial effluents, covering scales from jets and plumes up to large scale flushing. Special emphasis should be given to environmental impact assessments and outfall and diffuser design, thus papers related to predictive models for substance concentrations, contaminant travel times or residence times, monitoring and field studies, water quality modeling (e.g. bacterial decay, algae, and nutrients), and sustainability and integrated water resources management of point-source discharges.